1 序文
2 範囲と方法論
2.1 調査の目的
2.2 利害関係者
2.3 データソース
2.3.1 一次情報源
2.3.2 二次情報源
2.4 市場推定
2.4.1 ボトムアップアプローチ
2.4.2 トップダウンアプローチ
2.5 予測手法
3 エグゼクティブサマリー
4 はじめに
4.1 概要
4.2 産業用トレンド
5 世界の水陸両用車市場
5.1 市場概要
5.2 市場実績
5.3 COVID-19 の影響
5.4 市場予測
6 推進方式別の市場内訳
6.1 水上ジェット
6.1.1 市場動向
6.1.2 市場予測
6.2 軌道式
6.2.1 市場動向
6.2.2 市場予測
6.3 スクリュープロペラ式
6.3.1 市場動向
6.3.2 市場予測
6.4 その他
6.4.1 市場動向
6.4.2 市場予測
7 用途別市場規模
7.1 監視および救助
7.1.1 市場動向
7.1.2 市場予測
7.2 ウォータースポーツ
7.2.1 市場動向
7.2.2 市場予測
7.3 水上輸送
7.3.1 市場動向
7.3.2 市場予測
7.4 掘削
7.4.1 市場動向
7.4.2 市場予測
7.5 その他
7.5.1 市場動向
7.5.2 市場予測
8 用途別市場
8.1 防衛
8.1.1 市場動向
8.1.2 市場予測
8.2 商用
8.2.1 市場動向
8.2.2 市場予測
9 地域別市場
9.1 北米
9.1.1 米国
9.1.1.1 市場動向
9.1.1.2 市場予測
9.1.2 カナダ
9.1.2.1 市場動向
9.1.2.2 市場予測
9.2 アジア太平洋地域
9.2.1 中国
9.2.1.1 市場動向
9.2.1.2 市場予測
9.2.2 日本
9.2.2.1 市場動向
9.2.2.2 市場予測
9.2.3 インド
9.2.3.1 市場動向
9.2.3.2 市場予測
9.2.4 韓国
9.2.4.1 市場動向
9.2.4.2 市場予測
9.2.5 オーストラリア
9.2.5.1 市場動向
9.2.5.2 市場予測
9.2.6 インドネシア
9.2.6.1 市場動向
9.2.6.2 市場予測
9.2.7 その他
9.2.7.1 市場動向
9.2.7.2 市場予測
9.3 欧州
9.3.1 ドイツ
9.3.1.1 市場動向
9.3.1.2 市場予測
9.3.2 フランス
9.3.2.1 市場動向
9.3.2.2 市場予測
9.3.3 英国
9.3.3.1 市場動向
9.3.3.2 市場予測
9.3.4 イタリア
9.3.4.1 市場動向
9.3.4.2 市場予測
9.3.5 スペイン
9.3.5.1 市場動向
9.3.5.2 市場予測
9.3.6 ロシア
9.3.6.1 市場動向
9.3.6.2 市場予測
9.3.7 その他
9.3.7.1 市場動向
9.3.7.2 市場予測
9.4 ラテンアメリカ
9.4.1 ブラジル
9.4.1.1 市場動向
9.4.1.2 市場予測
9.4.2 メキシコ
9.4.2.1 市場動向
9.4.2.2 市場予測
9.4.3 その他
9.4.3.1 市場動向
9.4.3.2 市場予測
9.5 中東およびアフリカ
9.5.1 市場動向
9.5.2 国別の市場内訳
9.5.3 市場予測
10 SWOT分析
10.1 概要
10.2 強み
10.3 弱み
10.4 機会
10.5 脅威
11 価値連鎖分析
12 ポーターのファイブフォース分析
12.1 概要
12.2 買い手の交渉力
12.3 売り手の交渉力
12.4 競争の度合い
12.5 新規参入の脅威
12.6 代替品の脅威
13 価格分析
14 競合状況
14.1 市場構造
14.2 主要企業
14.3 主要企業のプロフィール
BAE Systems plc
EIK Engineering Sdn Bhd
General Dynamics Corporation
Hydratrek Inc.
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Marsh Buggies Inc.
Remu Oy
Science Applications International Corporation
Ultratrex Machinery Sdn. Bhd.
Wetland Equipment Company
Wilco Manufacturing L.L.C.
Wilson Marsh Equipment Company
Amphibious Vehicle Market Analysis:
Market Growth and Size: The global market is experiencing substantial growth, driven by a combination of military, civilian, and recreational applications. The market size is expanding as countries invest in versatile and amphibious capabilities, and industries explore innovative use-cases for these unique vehicles.
Major Market Drivers: Key drivers of the market include the increasing demand for military applications, disaster response and humanitarian aid, and the rising popularity of amphibious vehicles in tourism and recreational sectors. The military's focus on expeditionary capabilities and disaster-prone regions' need for versatile transportation contribute significantly to market growth.
Technological Advancements: Continuous technological advancements are shaping the market. Innovations in propulsion systems, amphibious drive mechanisms, and materials contribute to improved performance, efficiency, and safety. The integration of advanced navigation systems, communication technologies, and amphibious capabilities is enhancing the overall functionality of these vehicles.
Industry Applications: These vehicles find applications across various industries, including defense, disaster management, tourism, and recreation. The defense sector remains a major contributor, with a focus on enhancing amphibious assault and expeditionary capabilities. In civilian applications, these vehicles are employed for disaster response, search and rescue missions, and providing unique tourist experiences in water-rich regions.
Key Market Trends: Key trends in the market include the development of hybrid amphibious systems, increased focus on environmental sustainability, and the integration of autonomous capabilities. The market is witnessing a shift towards eco-friendly technologies and the incorporation of autonomous features to enhance safety and operational efficiency.
Geographical Trends: Geographically, the adoption of amphibious vehicles varies. Coastal regions and areas prone to natural disasters show higher adoption rates due to the versatility of these vehicles in navigating challenging terrains. Additionally, regions with a strong focus on defense modernization contribute significantly to the market's growth.
Competitive Landscape: The competitive landscape of the market is characterized by the presence of established players in the defense industry, as well as emerging companies focusing on civilian and recreational applications. Collaboration and partnerships between military contractors and civilian vehicle manufacturers are common, leading to the development of versatile and adaptable amphibious solutions.
Challenges and Opportunities: Challenges in the market include high development costs, regulatory hurdles, and the need for extensive testing to ensure safety and compliance. Opportunities lie in expanding applications beyond military use, exploring new markets, and leveraging advancements in technology to create more efficient and sustainable amphibious solutions.
Future Outlook: The future outlook for the market is positive, with sustained growth anticipated. As technology continues to develop, and the demand for versatile and resilient transportation solutions increases, amphibious vehicles are likely to play an integral role in both military and civilian applications, with innovations driving the market forward.
Amphibious Vehicle Market Trends:
Increasing military applications
One of the primary factors driving the market is the increasing demand for advanced military capabilities. Amphibious vehicles play a crucial role in modern military operations, providing armed forces with the ability to conduct amphibious assaults, river crossings, and beach landings. The military's emphasis on enhancing its expeditionary capabilities, including rapid deployment and maneuverability across diverse terrains, propels the demand for technologically advanced and versatile amphibious vehicles. Nations invest in these vehicles to strengthen their defense capabilities, allowing for swift and effective response in both coastal and inland operations. The integration of advanced communication systems, armor, and amphibious propulsion technologies further contributes to the growth of the market within the military sector.
Disaster response and humanitarian aid
Amphibious vehicles are increasingly recognized for their effectiveness in disaster response and humanitarian aid missions. The ability to navigate through diverse terrains, including flooded areas and rough landscapes, makes them valuable assets in delivering assistance during natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, and earthquakes. These vehicles can reach remote and challenging locations, providing support in rescue operations, transporting supplies, and evacuating affected populations. The versatility of these vehicles in responding to emergencies enhances their appeal to government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and disaster relief organizations, driving the market growth in the humanitarian and disaster response sectors.
Rising tourism and recreational activities
The market is also fueled by the growing interest in adventure tourism and recreational activities. Amphibious tour vehicles, capable of transitioning seamlessly between land and water, offer unique and thrilling experiences for tourists in coastal regions and cities with water bodies. These vehicles provide guided tours that combine on-land sightseeing with water-based exploration, adding an element of novelty to traditional tourism. The tourism industry's continuous pursuit of innovative and memorable experiences for travelers contributes to the demand for amphibious vehicles in this sector. Additionally, recreational users, such as enthusiasts seeking off-road and amphibious adventures, contribute to the market's growth as they seek vehicles that offer both land and water capabilities for their outdoor activities.
Amphibious Vehicle Industry Segmentation:
IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the market, along with forecasts at the global, regional, and country levels for 2025-2033. Our report has categorized the market based on the mode of propulsion, application, and end use.
Breakup by Mode of Propulsion:
Waterjet
Track-based
Screw Propellers
Others
Track-based accounts for the majority of the market share
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the mode of propulsion. This includes waterjet, track-based, screw propellers, and others. According to the report, track-based represented the largest segment.
Track-based propulsion is another prevalent mode in the market, particularly in military applications where rugged terrains, mud, and swamps are common. These vehicles feature tracks, similar to those found on tanks, providing traction and stability on various surfaces. Track-based propulsion allows amphibious vehicles to navigate challenging terrains on land while maintaining the capability to transition smoothly into water. This mode is advantageous in scenarios where the vehicle needs to traverse over uneven landscapes or when conventional wheeled vehicles might face difficulties.
Waterjet propulsion is a significant mode employed in amphibious vehicles, especially in applications where high speed and maneuverability on water are crucial. Waterjet systems use high-pressure jets of water expelled from nozzles to propel the vehicle forward or backward. This mode of propulsion is commonly found in amphibious vehicles designed for military operations, as it allows for swift movement in diverse water conditions without the hindrance of exposed propellers. Waterjet propulsion is known for its efficiency in both water and on-land operations, contributing to the versatility of the amphibious vehicles.
Screw propellers are a traditional yet effective mode of propulsion for many amphibious vehicles. These vehicles are equipped with propellers, similar to those on boats or ships, which propel them through the water. Screw propellers offer a balance between simplicity and efficiency, making them suitable for a range of applications. Amphibious vehicles utilizing screw propellers are often found in roles such as amphibious transport, reconnaissance, and civilian applications like water-based tours. The versatility of screw propellers allows for smooth transitions between land and water, making them a reliable choice for various use-cases.
Breakup by Application:
Surveillance and Rescue
Water Sports
Water Transportation
Excavation
Others
A detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the application have also been provided in the report. This includes surveillance and rescue, water sports, water transportation, excavation, and others.
Amphibious vehicles play a crucial role in surveillance and rescue operations. Equipped with advanced sensors, cameras, and communication systems, these vehicles are deployed for monitoring coastlines, conducting search and rescue missions in flooded or disaster-stricken areas, and providing support in emergencies. They are designed for surveillance and rescue and are built to navigate both land and water, making them valuable assets for first responders, coast guards, and disaster management agencies.
On the contrary, the use of amphibious vehicles in water sports has gained popularity, providing enthusiasts with unique and thrilling experiences. These vehicles are designed for recreational purposes, offering guided tours and adventures that combine on-land exploration with water-based activities. These vehicles used in water sports often provide a novel and exciting way for tourists and adventure seekers to explore coastal areas, rivers, and lakes, contributing to the growth of the tourism and entertainment industries.
Moreover, these vehicles serve as efficient means of water transportation in regions with water-rich environments. These vehicles can seamlessly transition from roads to waterways, offering a practical solution for areas with limited infrastructure or challenging terrains. These vehicles are used for ferrying passengers, cargo, and goods across rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. Their ability to access remote locations and bypass traditional transportation obstacles makes them valuable in regions where conventional water or land-based transportation is impractical.
Furthermore, they find applications in excavation projects, particularly in marshy or aquatic environments. Equipped with specialized tools and attachments, these vehicles can perform tasks such as dredging, land reclamation, and environmental restoration in areas where conventional land-based heavy equipment may face limitations. Amphibious excavation vehicles are essential in projects involving waterlogged soils or bodies of water, providing a versatile solution for construction and environmental engineering applications.
Breakup by End Use:
Defense
Commercial
The report has provided a detailed breakup and analysis of the market based on the end use. This includes defense and commercial.
The defense sector is a major end user, utilizing these vehicles for a variety of military applications. Amphibious vehicles play a crucial role in military operations, providing armed forces with the ability to conduct amphibious assaults, river crossings, and beach landings. These vehicles are designed to operate seamlessly across diverse terrains, including both land and water, making them valuable assets for expeditionary forces. In the defense sector, these vehicles are deployed for reconnaissance, transportation, and amphibious assault missions, enhancing the military's mobility and operational capabilities.
On the other hand, the commercial sector represents another significant end user of these vehicles, encompassing a range of applications. In commercial use, they serve purposes such as transportation in water-rich regions, disaster response, tourism, and recreational activities. Amphibious transport vehicles are employed for ferrying passengers, cargo, and goods across water bodies, especially in areas with limited infrastructure. Additionally, these designed for recreational purposes contribute to the growing market in the tourism and entertainment industries, offering unique and adventurous experiences for tourists and enthusiasts.
Breakup by Region:
North America
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Others
Europe
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Others
Middle East and Africa
North America leads the market, accounting for the largest amphibious vehicle market share
The market research report has also provided a comprehensive analysis of all the major regional markets, which include North America (the United States and Canada); Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia, and others); Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, and others); Latin America (Brazil, Mexico, and others); and the Middle East and Africa. According to the report, North America accounted for the largest market share.
North America stands as a dominant force in the market, leading in both market share and technological advancements. The region's strong position is attributed to robust investments in defense capabilities, with amphibious vehicles playing a crucial role in military operations and border security. Additionally, the commercial sector in North America embraces these vehicles for various applications, including disaster response, tourism, and recreational activities. The presence of key manufacturers, ongoing research and development initiatives, and a significant defense budget contribute to North America's leadership in the market.
The Asia-Pacific region is a key player in the market, driven by the growing military modernization efforts of several nations and the increasing demand for versatile transport solutions. Countries in the Asia-Pacific, such as China, India, and South Korea, invest significantly in defense capabilities, leading to a substantial demand for military-grade vehicles. Moreover, the tourism industry in coastal areas contributes to the commercial application of these vehicles. The Asia-Pacific region is characterized by a dynamic market, with a focus on both defense and civilian applications.
Europe is a significant player in the market, with a strong presence in both defense and commercial sectors. European countries, particularly those with coastlines and water-rich regions, utilize these vehicles for military purposes, disaster response, and transportation. The European market benefits from collaboration between countries and industries, contributing to technological advancements and innovation. Amphibious vehicles find applications in tourism and environmental projects in Europe, adding to the region's diverse usage of these versatile vehicles.
Latin America contributes to the market with a focus on applications such as disaster response, transportation in waterlogged areas, and amphibious tourism. While the market share in Latin America may be comparatively smaller than in other regions, the demand for these vehicles is growing, driven by the need for efficient solutions in challenging terrains and water-rich environments. Amphibious vehicles are employed in both military and civilian capacities, addressing the region's unique geographical and operational requirements.
The Middle East and Africa region utilize these vehicles primarily for defense purposes, given the strategic importance of coastal security and military mobility. Countries in the Middle East invest in modernizing their armed forces, leading to a notable demand for military-grade vehicles. Additionally, these vehicles find applications in humanitarian missions, especially in regions prone to natural disasters. While the market in the Middle East and Africa may be relatively smaller, it is marked by a growing emphasis on security and disaster response capabilities.
Leading Key Players in the Amphibious Vehicle Industry:
The key players in the market are driving growth through strategic innovations, technological prowess, and a comprehensive understanding of end-user needs. Leading companies in the industry, driven by a commitment to excellence, invest significantly in research and development to enhance the capabilities of these vehicles. Their focus on developing advanced propulsion systems, integrating cutting-edge communication technologies, and ensuring compliance with stringent safety standards is instrumental in driving market growth. Additionally, key players actively engage in collaborations, partnerships, and acquisitions to strengthen their market position and expand their product portfolios. With a keen eye on emerging trends and a proactive approach to addressing challenges, these industry leaders play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the market, fostering advancements that cater to both defense and commercial applications. Their leadership and strategic initiatives contribute to the overall dynamism and competitiveness of the global market.
The market research report has provided a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape. Detailed profiles of all major companies have also been provided. Some of the key players in the market include:
BAE Systems plc
EIK Engineering Sdn Bhd
General Dynamics Corporation
Hydratrek Inc.
Lockheed Martin Corporation
Marsh Buggies Inc.
Remu Oy
Science Applications International Corporation
Ultratrex Machinery Sdn. Bhd.
Wetland Equipment Company
Wilco Manufacturing L.L.C.
Wilson Marsh Equipment Company
Key Questions Answered in This Report
1. What was the size of the global amphibious vehicle market in 2024?
2. What is the expected growth rate of the global amphibious vehicle market during 2025-2033?
3. What are the key factors driving the global amphibious vehicle market?
4. What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global amphibious vehicle market?
5. What is the breakup of the global amphibious vehicle market based on the mode of propulsion?
6. What are the key regions in the global amphibious vehicle market?
7. Who are the key players/companies in the global amphibious vehicle market?
1 Preface
2 Scope and Methodology
2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Stakeholders
2.3 Data Sources
2.3.1 Primary Sources
2.3.2 Secondary Sources
2.4 Market Estimation
2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
2.5 Forecasting Methodology
3 Executive Summary
4 Introduction
4.1 Overview
4.2 Key Industry Trends
5 Global Amphibious Vehicle Market
5.1 Market Overview
5.2 Market Performance
5.3 Impact of COVID-19
5.4 Market Forecast
6 Market Breakup by Mode of Propulsion
6.1 Waterjet
6.1.1 Market Trends
6.1.2 Market Forecast
6.2 Track-based
6.2.1 Market Trends
6.2.2 Market Forecast
6.3 Screw Propellers
6.3.1 Market Trends
6.3.2 Market Forecast
6.4 Others
6.4.1 Market Trends
6.4.2 Market Forecast
7 Market Breakup by Application
7.1 Surveillance and Rescue
7.1.1 Market Trends
7.1.2 Market Forecast
7.2 Water Sports
7.2.1 Market Trends
7.2.2 Market Forecast
7.3 Water Transportation
7.3.1 Market Trends
7.3.2 Market Forecast
7.4 Excavation
7.4.1 Market Trends
7.4.2 Market Forecast
7.5 Others
7.5.1 Market Trends
7.5.2 Market Forecast
8 Market Breakup by End Use
8.1 Defense
8.1.1 Market Trends
8.1.2 Market Forecast
8.2 Commercial
8.2.1 Market Trends
8.2.2 Market Forecast
9 Market Breakup by Region
9.1 North America
9.1.1 United States
9.1.1.1 Market Trends
9.1.1.2 Market Forecast
9.1.2 Canada
9.1.2.1 Market Trends
9.1.2.2 Market Forecast
9.2 Asia-Pacific
9.2.1 China
9.2.1.1 Market Trends
9.2.1.2 Market Forecast
9.2.2 Japan
9.2.2.1 Market Trends
9.2.2.2 Market Forecast
9.2.3 India
9.2.3.1 Market Trends
9.2.3.2 Market Forecast
9.2.4 South Korea
9.2.4.1 Market Trends
9.2.4.2 Market Forecast
9.2.5 Australia
9.2.5.1 Market Trends
9.2.5.2 Market Forecast
9.2.6 Indonesia
9.2.6.1 Market Trends
9.2.6.2 Market Forecast
9.2.7 Others
9.2.7.1 Market Trends
9.2.7.2 Market Forecast
9.3 Europe
9.3.1 Germany
9.3.1.1 Market Trends
9.3.1.2 Market Forecast
9.3.2 France
9.3.2.1 Market Trends
9.3.2.2 Market Forecast
9.3.3 United Kingdom
9.3.3.1 Market Trends
9.3.3.2 Market Forecast
9.3.4 Italy
9.3.4.1 Market Trends
9.3.4.2 Market Forecast
9.3.5 Spain
9.3.5.1 Market Trends
9.3.5.2 Market Forecast
9.3.6 Russia
9.3.6.1 Market Trends
9.3.6.2 Market Forecast
9.3.7 Others
9.3.7.1 Market Trends
9.3.7.2 Market Forecast
9.4 Latin America
9.4.1 Brazil
9.4.1.1 Market Trends
9.4.1.2 Market Forecast
9.4.2 Mexico
9.4.2.1 Market Trends
9.4.2.2 Market Forecast
9.4.3 Others
9.4.3.1 Market Trends
9.4.3.2 Market Forecast
9.5 Middle East and Africa
9.5.1 Market Trends
9.5.2 Market Breakup by Country
9.5.3 Market Forecast
10 SWOT Analysis
10.1 Overview
10.2 Strengths
10.3 Weaknesses
10.4 Opportunities
10.5 Threats
11 Value Chain Analysis
12 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.1 Overview
12.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4 Degree of Competition
12.5 Threat of New Entrants
12.6 Threat of Substitutes
13 Price Analysis
14 Competitive Landscape
14.1 Market Structure
14.2 Key Players
14.3 Profiles of Key Players
14.3.1 BAE Systems plc
14.3.1.1 Company Overview
14.3.1.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.1.3 Financials
14.3.1.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.2 EIK Engineering Sdn Bhd
14.3.2.1 Company Overview
14.3.2.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.3 General Dynamics Corporation
14.3.3.1 Company Overview
14.3.3.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.3.3 Financials
14.3.3.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.4 Hydratrek Inc.
14.3.4.1 Company Overview
14.3.4.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.5 Lockheed Martin Corporation
14.3.5.1 Company Overview
14.3.5.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.5.3 Financials
14.3.5.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.6 Marsh Buggies Inc.
14.3.6.1 Company Overview
14.3.6.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.7 Remu Oy
14.3.7.1 Company Overview
14.3.7.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.8 Science Applications International Corporation
14.3.8.1 Company Overview
14.3.8.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.8.3 Financials
14.3.8.4 SWOT Analysis
14.3.9 Ultratrex Machinery Sdn. Bhd.
14.3.9.1 Company Overview
14.3.9.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.10 Wetland Equipment Company
14.3.10.1 Company Overview
14.3.10.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.11 Wilco Manufacturing L.L.C.
14.3.11.1 Company Overview
14.3.11.2 Product Portfolio
14.3.12 Wilson Marsh Equipment Company
14.3.12.1 Company Overview
14.3.12.2 Product Portfolio
*** 水陸両用車の世界市場に関するよくある質問(FAQ) ***
・水陸両用車の世界市場規模は？
→IMARC社は2024年の水陸両用車の世界市場規模を37億米ドルと推定しています。
・水陸両用車の世界市場予測は？
→IMARC社は2033年の水陸両用車の世界市場規模を71億米ドルと予測しています。
・水陸両用車市場の成長率は？
→IMARC社は水陸両用車の世界市場が2025年～2033年に年平均7.16%成長すると展望しています。
・世界の水陸両用車市場における主要プレイヤーは？
→「BAE Systems plc、EIK Engineering Sdn Bhd、General Dynamics Corporation、Hydratrek Inc.、Lockheed Martin Corporation、Marsh Buggies Inc.、Remu Oy、Science Applications International Corporation、Ultratrex Machinery Sdn. Bhd.、Wetland Equipment Company、Wilco Manufacturing L.L.C.、Wilson Marsh Equipment Companyなど ...」を水陸両用車市場のグローバル主要プレイヤーとして判断しています。
※上記FAQの市場規模、市場予測、成長率、主要企業に関する情報は本レポートの概要を作成した時点での情報であり、最終レポートの情報と少し異なる場合があります。
*** 免責事項 ***
https://www.globalresearch.co.jp/disclaimer/
