1 Market Overview
1.1 Food Grade Ceramide Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Fermentation Ceramide
1.2.3 Plant Extract Ceramide
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Food Additives
1.3.3 Supplement
1.4 Global Food Grade Ceramide Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Food Grade Ceramide Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Food Grade Ceramide Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Food Grade Ceramide Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Food Grade Ceramide Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Food Grade Ceramide Market Drivers
1.6.2 Food Grade Ceramide Market Restraints
1.6.3 Food Grade Ceramide Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Evonik
2.1.1 Evonik Details
2.1.2 Evonik Major Business
2.1.3 Evonik Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
2.1.4 Evonik Food Grade Ceramide Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 Doosan
2.2.1 Doosan Details
2.2.2 Doosan Major Business
2.2.3 Doosan Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
2.2.4 Doosan Food Grade Ceramide Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 Vantage
2.3.1 Vantage Details
2.3.2 Vantage Major Business
2.3.3 Vantage Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
2.3.4 Vantage Food Grade Ceramide Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 Toyobo
2.4.1 Toyobo Details
2.4.2 Toyobo Major Business
2.4.3 Toyobo Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
2.4.4 Toyobo Food Grade Ceramide Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 Macrocare
2.5.1 Macrocare Details
2.5.2 Macrocare Major Business
2.5.3 Macrocare Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
2.5.4 Macrocare Food Grade Ceramide Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Food Grade Ceramide Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Food Grade Ceramide
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Food Grade Ceramide Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Food Grade Ceramide Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Food Grade Ceramide Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Food Grade Ceramide Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Food Grade Ceramide Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Food Grade Ceramide Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Food Grade Ceramide Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Food Grade Ceramide Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Food Grade Ceramide and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Food Grade Ceramide
12.3 Food Grade Ceramide Production Process
12.4 Food Grade Ceramide Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Food Grade Ceramide Typical Distributors
13.3 Food Grade Ceramide Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Evonik Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Evonik Major Business
Table 5. Evonik Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
Table 6. Evonik Food Grade Ceramide Sales (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. Doosan Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. Doosan Major Business
Table 9. Doosan Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
Table 10. Doosan Food Grade Ceramide Sales (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. Vantage Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. Vantage Major Business
Table 13. Vantage Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
Table 14. Vantage Food Grade Ceramide Sales (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. Toyobo Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. Toyobo Major Business
Table 17. Toyobo Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
Table 18. Toyobo Food Grade Ceramide Sales (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Macrocare Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Macrocare Major Business
Table 21. Macrocare Food Grade Ceramide Product and Services
Table 22. Macrocare Food Grade Ceramide Sales (Kiloton), Price (US$/Ton), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 24. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 25. Market Position of Manufacturers in Food Grade Ceramide, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 26. Global Food Grade Ceramide Production Capacity by Company, (Kiloton): 2020 VS 2021
Table 27. Head Office and Food Grade Ceramide Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 28. Food Grade Ceramide New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 29. Food Grade Ceramide Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 30. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 31. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 32. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 33. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 34. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 35. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 36. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 37. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 38. Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 39. Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Table 40. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 41. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 42. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 43. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 44. Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 45. Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Table 46. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 47. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 48. North America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 49. North America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 50. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 51. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 52. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 53. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 54. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 55. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 56. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 57. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 58. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 59. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 60. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 61. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 62. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 63. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 64. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 66. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 70. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 71. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 72. South America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 73. South America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 74. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 75. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 76. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 77. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 78. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 79. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 80. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 81. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 84. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Kiloton)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Kiloton)
Table 86. Food Grade Ceramide Raw Material
Table 87. Key Manufacturers of Food Grade Ceramide Raw Materials
Table 88. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 89. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 90. Food Grade Ceramide Typical Distributors
Table 91. Food Grade Ceramide Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Food Grade Ceramide Picture
Figure 2. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Fermentation Ceramide
Figure 4. Plant Extract Ceramide
Figure 5. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 6. Food Additives
Figure 7. Supplement
Figure 8. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue, (USD Million) & (Kiloton): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 9. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales (2017-2028) & (Kiloton)
Figure 11. Global Food Grade Ceramide Price (2017-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 12. Global Food Grade Ceramide Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (Kiloton)
Figure 13. Global Food Grade Ceramide Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 14. Food Grade Ceramide Market Drivers
Figure 15. Food Grade Ceramide Market Restraints
Figure 16. Food Grade Ceramide Market Trends
Figure 17. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 18. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 19. Food Grade Ceramide Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 20. Top 3 Food Grade Ceramide Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 21. Top 6 Food Grade Ceramide Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 22. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 23. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 24. North America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 25. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. South America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 30. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Type (2017-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 32. Global Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 33. Global Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Food Grade Ceramide Price by Application (2017-2028) & (US$/Ton)
Figure 35. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 36. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 37. North America Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 39. United States Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 40. Canada Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Mexico Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 43. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Germany Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. France Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. United Kingdom Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. Russia Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Italy Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 55. China Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Japan Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Korea Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. India Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. Southeast Asia Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Australia Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 62. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 63. South America Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 65. Brazil Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 66. Argentina Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Food Grade Ceramide Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Turkey Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 72. Egypt Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Saudi Arabia Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. South Africa Food Grade Ceramide Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Food Grade Ceramide in 2021
Figure 76. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Food Grade Ceramide
Figure 77. Food Grade Ceramide Industrial Chain
Figure 78. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 79. Methodology
Figure 80. Research Process and Data Source
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