1 Market Overview
1.1 Co-extrusion Line Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 Layer 3
1.2.3 Layer 5
1.2.4 Layer 7
1.2.5 Layer 9
1.2.6 Layer 11
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Food & Beverage
1.3.3 Consumption Goods
1.3.4 Agricultural Product
1.3.5 Other
1.4 Global Co-extrusion Line Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Co-extrusion Line Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Co-extrusion Line Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Co-extrusion Line Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Co-extrusion Line Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Co-extrusion Line Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Co-extrusion Line Market Drivers
1.6.2 Co-extrusion Line Market Restraints
1.6.3 Co-extrusion Line Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Rajoo Engineers
2.1.1 Rajoo Engineers Details
2.1.2 Rajoo Engineers Major Business
2.1.3 Rajoo Engineers Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
2.1.4 Rajoo Engineers Co-extrusion Line Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 Windsor Machines
2.2.1 Windsor Machines Details
2.2.2 Windsor Machines Major Business
2.2.3 Windsor Machines Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
2.2.4 Windsor Machines Co-extrusion Line Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.3 POLYSTAR Machinery
2.3.1 POLYSTAR Machinery Details
2.3.2 POLYSTAR Machinery Major Business
2.3.3 POLYSTAR Machinery Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
2.3.4 POLYSTAR Machinery Co-extrusion Line Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.4 A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda
2.4.1 A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Details
2.4.2 A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Major Business
2.4.3 A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
2.4.4 A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Co-extrusion Line Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.5 Labtech Engineering
2.5.1 Labtech Engineering Details
2.5.2 Labtech Engineering Major Business
2.5.3 Labtech Engineering Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
2.5.4 Labtech Engineering Co-extrusion Line Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Co-extrusion Line Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Co-extrusion Line
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Co-extrusion Line Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Co-extrusion Line Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Co-extrusion Line Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Co-extrusion Line Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Co-extrusion Line Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Co-extrusion Line Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Co-extrusion Line Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Co-extrusion Line Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Co-extrusion Line and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Co-extrusion Line
12.3 Co-extrusion Line Production Process
12.4 Co-extrusion Line Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Co-extrusion Line Typical Distributors
13.3 Co-extrusion Line Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Rajoo Engineers Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Rajoo Engineers Major Business
Table 5. Rajoo Engineers Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
Table 6. Rajoo Engineers Co-extrusion Line Sales (Units), Price (K US$/Units), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. Windsor Machines Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. Windsor Machines Major Business
Table 9. Windsor Machines Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
Table 10. Windsor Machines Co-extrusion Line Sales (Units), Price (K US$/Units), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. POLYSTAR Machinery Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 12. POLYSTAR Machinery Major Business
Table 13. POLYSTAR Machinery Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
Table 14. POLYSTAR Machinery Co-extrusion Line Sales (Units), Price (K US$/Units), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 15. A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 16. A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Major Business
Table 17. A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
Table 18. A Carnevalli & Cia Ltda Co-extrusion Line Sales (Units), Price (K US$/Units), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 19. Labtech Engineering Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 20. Labtech Engineering Major Business
Table 21. Labtech Engineering Co-extrusion Line Product and Services
Table 22. Labtech Engineering Co-extrusion Line Sales (Units), Price (K US$/Units), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 23. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (Units)
Table 24. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 25. Market Position of Manufacturers in Co-extrusion Line, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 26. Global Co-extrusion Line Production Capacity by Company, (Units): 2020 VS 2021
Table 27. Head Office and Co-extrusion Line Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 28. Co-extrusion Line New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 29. Co-extrusion Line Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 30. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 31. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 32. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 33. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 34. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 35. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 36. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 37. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 38. Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Type (2017-2022) & (K US$/Units)
Table 39. Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Type (2023-2028) & (K US$/Units)
Table 40. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 41. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 42. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 43. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 44. Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Application (2017-2022) & (K US$/Units)
Table 45. Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Application (2023-2028) & (K US$/Units)
Table 46. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 47. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 48. North America Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 49. North America Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 50. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 51. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 52. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 53. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 54. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 55. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 56. Europe Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 57. Europe Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 58. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 59. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 60. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 61. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 62. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 63. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 64. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 66. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 70. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 71. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 72. South America Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 73. South America Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 74. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 75. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 76. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 77. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 78. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 79. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 80. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 81. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 84. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (Units)
Table 86. Co-extrusion Line Raw Material
Table 87. Key Manufacturers of Co-extrusion Line Raw Materials
Table 88. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 89. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 90. Co-extrusion Line Typical Distributors
Table 91. Co-extrusion Line Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Co-extrusion Line Picture
Figure 2. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. Layer 3
Figure 4. Layer 5
Figure 5. Layer 7
Figure 6. Layer 9
Figure 7. Layer 11
Figure 8. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 9. Food & Beverage
Figure 10. Consumption Goods
Figure 11. Agricultural Product
Figure 12. Other
Figure 13. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue, (USD Million) & (Units): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 14. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 15. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales (2017-2028) & (Units)
Figure 16. Global Co-extrusion Line Price (2017-2028) & (K US$/Units)
Figure 17. Global Co-extrusion Line Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (Units)
Figure 18. Global Co-extrusion Line Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 19. Co-extrusion Line Market Drivers
Figure 20. Co-extrusion Line Market Restraints
Figure 21. Co-extrusion Line Market Trends
Figure 22. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 23. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 24. Co-extrusion Line Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 25. Top 3 Co-extrusion Line Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 26. Top 6 Co-extrusion Line Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 27. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 28. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 29. North America Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Europe Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 31. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 32. South America Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 33. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 34. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 35. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 36. Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Type (2017-2028) & (K US$/Units)
Figure 37. Global Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 38. Global Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 39. Global Co-extrusion Line Price by Application (2017-2028) & (K US$/Units)
Figure 40. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 41. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 42. North America Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 43. North America Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 44. United States Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 45. Canada Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 46. Mexico Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 48. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 49. Europe Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 50. Europe Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 51. Germany Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. France Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 53. United Kingdom Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 54. Russia Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 55. Italy Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 57. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 58. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 59. Asia-Pacific Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 60. China Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Japan Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. Korea Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 63. India Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 64. Southeast Asia Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 65. Australia Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 66. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 67. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 68. South America Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 69. South America Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Brazil Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 71. Argentina Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 72. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 73. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 74. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 75. Middle East & Africa Co-extrusion Line Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 76. Turkey Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 77. Egypt Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 78. Saudi Arabia Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 79. South Africa Co-extrusion Line Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 80. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Co-extrusion Line in 2021
Figure 81. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Co-extrusion Line
Figure 82. Co-extrusion Line Industrial Chain
Figure 83. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 84. Methodology
Figure 85. Research Process and Data Source
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