1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Heavy Water
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 Purity 99%
1.3.3 Purity 99.8%
1.3.4 Purity 99.9%
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Deuterated NMR Solvents
1.4.3 Semiconductor Industry
1.4.4 OLED Industry
1.4.5 Pharmaceutical Industry
1.4.6 Others
1.5 Global Heavy Water Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.5.2 Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
1.5.3 Global Heavy Water Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Isowater
2.1.1 Isowater Details
2.1.2 Isowater Major Business
2.1.3 Isowater Heavy Water Product and Services
2.1.4 Isowater Heavy Water Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 Isowater Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories
2.2.1 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Details
2.2.2 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Major Business
2.2.3 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Heavy Water Product and Services
2.2.4 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Heavy Water Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 Mesbah Energy
2.3.1 Mesbah Energy Details
2.3.2 Mesbah Energy Major Business
2.3.3 Mesbah Energy Heavy Water Product and Services
2.3.4 Mesbah Energy Heavy Water Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.3.5 Mesbah Energy Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 Heavy Water Board (HWB)
2.4.1 Heavy Water Board (HWB) Details
2.4.2 Heavy Water Board (HWB) Major Business
2.4.3 Heavy Water Board (HWB) Heavy Water Product and Services
2.4.4 Heavy Water Board (HWB) Heavy Water Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.4.5 Heavy Water Board (HWB) Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Heavy Water by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Heavy Water Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Heavy Water Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Heavy Water by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
3.4.2 Top 3 Heavy Water Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.4.2 Top 6 Heavy Water Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Heavy Water Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Heavy Water Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Heavy Water Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Heavy Water Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Heavy Water Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.2 Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.3 Global Heavy Water Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
4.2 North America Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.3 Europe Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.5 South America Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Heavy Water Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
6.2 Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 Global Heavy Water Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
7.1 North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Heavy Water Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Heavy Water Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
10.1 South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Heavy Water Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Heavy Water Market Drivers
12.2 Heavy Water Market Restraints
12.3 Heavy Water Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Heavy Water and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Heavy Water
13.3 Heavy Water Production Process
13.4 Heavy Water Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Heavy Water Typical Distributors
14.3 Heavy Water Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer
Table 1. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 2. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 3. Isowater Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Isowater Major Business
Table 5. Isowater Heavy Water Product and Services
Table 6. Isowater Heavy Water Sales Quantity (Kg), Average Price (US$/Kg), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 7. Isowater Recent Developments/Updates
Table 8. Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 9. Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Major Business
Table 10. Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Heavy Water Product and Services
Table 11. Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Heavy Water Sales Quantity (Kg), Average Price (US$/Kg), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 12. Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Recent Developments/Updates
Table 13. Mesbah Energy Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 14. Mesbah Energy Major Business
Table 15. Mesbah Energy Heavy Water Product and Services
Table 16. Mesbah Energy Heavy Water Sales Quantity (Kg), Average Price (US$/Kg), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 17. Mesbah Energy Recent Developments/Updates
Table 18. Heavy Water Board (HWB) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 19. Heavy Water Board (HWB) Major Business
Table 20. Heavy Water Board (HWB) Heavy Water Product and Services
Table 21. Heavy Water Board (HWB) Heavy Water Sales Quantity (Kg), Average Price (US$/Kg), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 22. Heavy Water Board (HWB) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 23. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 24. Global Heavy Water Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 25. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/Kg)
Table 26. Market Position of Manufacturers in Heavy Water, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Consumption Value in 2022
Table 27. Head Office and Heavy Water Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 28. Heavy Water Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 29. Heavy Water Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 30. Heavy Water New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
Table 31. Heavy Water Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
Table 32. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 33. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 34. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 35. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 36. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/Kg)
Table 37. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/Kg)
Table 38. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 39. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 40. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 42. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/Kg)
Table 43. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (US$/Kg)
Table 44. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 45. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 46. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 47. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 48. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Kg)
Table 49. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/Kg)
Table 50. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 51. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 52. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 53. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 54. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 55. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 56. North America Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 57. North America Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 58. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 59. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 60. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 61. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 62. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 63. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 64. Europe Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Europe Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 66. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 67. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 68. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 69. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 70. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 71. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 72. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 74. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 75. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 76. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 77. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 78. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 79. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 80. South America Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 81. South America Heavy Water Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 84. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 85. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 86. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Kg)
Table 87. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Kg)
Table 88. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 90. Heavy Water Raw Material
Table 91. Key Manufacturers of Heavy Water Raw Materials
Table 92. Heavy Water Typical Distributors
Table 93. Heavy Water Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Heavy Water Picture
Figure 2. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 3. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 4. Purity 99% Examples
Figure 5. Purity 99.8% Examples
Figure 6. Purity 99.9% Examples
Figure 7. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 8. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 9. Deuterated NMR Solvents Examples
Figure 10. Semiconductor Industry Examples
Figure 11. OLED Industry Examples
Figure 12. Pharmaceutical Industry Examples
Figure 13. Others Examples
Figure 14. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 15. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 16. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity (2018-2029) & (Kg)
Figure 17. Global Heavy Water Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/Kg)
Figure 18. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 19. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 20. Producer Shipments of Heavy Water by Manufacturer Sales Quantity ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021
Figure 21. Top 3 Heavy Water Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 22. Top 6 Heavy Water Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 23. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 24. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 25. North America Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Europe Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. South America Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 31. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 32. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (US$/Kg)
Figure 33. Global Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 34. Global Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 35. Global Heavy Water Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/Kg)
Figure 36. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 37. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 38. North America Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 39. North America Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 40. United States Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Canada Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Mexico Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 43. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 44. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 45. Europe Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 46. Europe Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 47. Germany Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. France Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. United Kingdom Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Russia Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Italy Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 56. China Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Japan Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Korea Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. India Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Southeast Asia Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Australia Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 63. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 64. South America Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 65. South America Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 66. Brazil Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Argentina Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Heavy Water Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 72. Turkey Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Egypt Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Saudi Arabia Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. South Africa Heavy Water Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Heavy Water Market Drivers
Figure 77. Heavy Water Market Restraints
Figure 78. Heavy Water Market Trends
Figure 79. Porters Five Forces Analysis
Figure 80. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Heavy Water in 2022
Figure 81. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Heavy Water
Figure 82. Heavy Water Industrial Chain
Figure 83. Sales Quantity Channel: Direct to End-User vs Distributors
Figure 84. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 85. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 86. Methodology
Figure 87. Research Process and Data Source
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